JavaScript URI エンコーディング

2019-11-10

3 minute read

notes

JavaScript

まとめ

encodeURI()とencodeURIComponent()はRFC 2396準拠である。 encodeURI() は完全な URI を表すのに必要な文字 (Reserved Characters) はエンコードしません。また、予約されていないが “そのまま” URI に使用できる(Unreserved Marks) 文字をエンコードしません。 encodeURIComponent() は “Unreserved Marks” 文字をエンコードしません。

1var set1 = ";,/?:@&=+$#"; // Reserved Characters
2var set2 = "-_.!~*'()";   // Unreserved Marks
3
4console.log(encodeURI(set1)); // ;,/?:@&=+$
5console.log(encodeURI(set2)); // -_.!~*'()
6
7console.log(encodeURIComponent(set1)); // %3B%2C%2F%3F%3A%40%26%3D%2B%24
8console.log(encodeURIComponent(set2)); // -_.!~*'()

rfc2396 appendix-A

https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2396#appendix-A

URI-reference = [ absoluteURI | relativeURI ] [ "#" fragment ]
      absoluteURI   = scheme ":" ( hier_part | opaque_part )
      relativeURI   = ( net_path | abs_path | rel_path ) [ "?" query ]

      hier_part     = ( net_path | abs_path ) [ "?" query ]
      opaque_part   = uric_no_slash *uric

      uric_no_slash = unreserved | escaped | ";" | "?" | ":" | "@" |
                      "&" | "=" | "+" | "$" | ","

      net_path      = "//" authority [ abs_path ]
      abs_path      = "/"  path_segments
      rel_path      = rel_segment [ abs_path ]

      rel_segment   = 1*( unreserved | escaped |
                          ";" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" | "$" | "," )

      scheme        = alpha *( alpha | digit | "+" | "-" | "." )

      authority     = server | reg_name

      reg_name      = 1*( unreserved | escaped | "$" | "," |
                          ";" | ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" )

      server        = [ [ userinfo "@" ] hostport ]
      userinfo      = *( unreserved | escaped |
                         ";" | ":" | "&" | "=" | "+" | "$" | "," )

      hostport      = host [ ":" port ]
      host          = hostname | IPv4address
      hostname      = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ]
      domainlabel   = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
      toplabel      = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
      IPv4address   = 1*digit "." 1*digit "." 1*digit "." 1*digit
      port          = *digit

      path          = [ abs_path | opaque_part ]
      path_segments = segment *( "/" segment )
      segment       = *pchar *( ";" param )
      param         = *pchar
      pchar         = unreserved | escaped |
                      ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" | "$" | ","

      query         = *uric

      fragment      = *uric
      
      uric          = reserved | unreserved | escaped
      reserved      = ";" | "/" | "?" | ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" |
                      "$" | ","
      unreserved    = alphanum | mark
      mark          = "-" | "_" | "." | "!" | "~" | "*" | "'" |
                      "(" | ")"

      escaped       = "%" hex hex
      hex           = digit | "A" | "B" | "C" | "D" | "E" | "F" |
                              "a" | "b" | "c" | "d" | "e" | "f"

      alphanum      = alpha | digit
      alpha         = lowalpha | upalpha

      lowalpha = "a" | "b" | "c" | "d" | "e" | "f" | "g" | "h" | "i" |
                 "j" | "k" | "l" | "m" | "n" | "o" | "p" | "q" | "r" |
                 "s" | "t" | "u" | "v" | "w" | "x" | "y" | "z"
      upalpha  = "A" | "B" | "C" | "D" | "E" | "F" | "G" | "H" | "I" |
                 "J" | "K" | "L" | "M" | "N" | "O" | "P" | "Q" | "R" |
                 "S" | "T" | "U" | "V" | "W" | "X" | "Y" | "Z"
      digit    = "0" | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" |
                 "8" | "9"

参考

https://developer.mozilla.org/ja/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/encodeURIComponent

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/encodeURI

https://qiita.com/aosho235/items/0581fc82f8ce2c5ac055

https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2396